這是英漢漢英翻譯中的文化差異ppt，包括了Cultural differences，Living on an island, the English are keen on sailing and traveling等內(nèi)容，歡迎點(diǎn)擊下載。

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 3Ds紅軟基地
English and Chinese Cultural Differences And Translation3Ds紅軟基地
Because of the differences in geography， history， religion and beliefs， customs etc， English and Chinese translation are closely connected with cultures and traditions， and they reflect different national characteristics and are loaded with rich cultural information.3Ds紅軟基地
一.Cultural differences3Ds紅軟基地
Translation maintains close ties with people's life and the culture where they are created and used. 3Ds紅軟基地
1):As China has a long history of agriculture， a large number of idioms related to agriculture have been in use. 3Ds紅軟基地
e.g.（1）骨瘦如柴——be lean as a rake 3Ds紅軟基地
（2）對(duì)牛彈琴——cast pearls before swine 3Ds紅軟基地
(3）眾人拾柴火焰高——Many hands make light work3Ds紅軟基地
2):Living on an island， the English are keen on sailing and traveling， the English language abounds in idioms connected with navigation. 3Ds紅軟基地
e.g. (1) all at sea——茫然不知所措 3Ds紅軟基地
      (2) in the same boat——處境相同 3Ds紅軟基地
      (3) sink or swim——靠自己在人世間沉浮，不管成敗如何 3Ds紅軟基地
      (4) take the wind out of somebody's sail——先發(fā)制人地占某人上風(fēng) 3Ds紅軟基地
      (5) to keep one's head above water——奮力圖存 3Ds紅軟基地
      (6) to tide over——順利度過3Ds紅軟基地
二.Differences of customs3Ds紅軟基地
IDifferences of customs are multi-sided， of which the most typical one is the attitude towards such animals as the dog， the cat， etc. Take the dog for example. 3Ds紅軟基地
1):In China， the dog is of a humble status. Most of the Chinese idioms concerning with dogs are used in a derogatory sense， usually describing wicked persons， though the numbers of pet dogs have increased. 3Ds紅軟基地
e.g. （1）狗腿子——lackey 3Ds紅軟基地
（2）狗雜種——bastard 3Ds紅軟基地
（3）狗崽子——son of a bitch 3Ds紅軟基地
（4）狗膽包天——monstrous audacity 3Ds紅軟基地
  （5）狗急跳墻——A concerned beast       will do something desperate.3Ds紅軟基地
2):In the eyes of the English， the dog is a lovely pet， a faithful fellow and is regarded as man's best friend. Although some other languages exert passive influences on certain English idioms concerned with dogs， such as "a surly dog"(性情乖戾的人) ，"in the dog house"(名聲掃地，they always show sympathy and tender affection to dogs rather than disgust and even hatred. 3Ds紅軟基地
e.g. (1) a lucky dog ——幸運(yùn)兒 3Ds紅軟基地
(2) a top dog——左右全局的人，重要的人 3Ds紅軟基地
(3) die like a dog ——悲慘地死去3Ds紅軟基地
    (4) as faithful as a dog——像狗一樣忠誠(chéng) 3Ds紅軟基地
(5) Every dog has his day. ——凡人皆有得意日。 3Ds紅軟基地
   (6) Love me， love my dog. ——愛屋及烏3Ds紅軟基地
三.Differences in thoughts3Ds紅軟基地
Language expresses thoughts， which in turn reflect subjective imagination. Under the influence of distinct cultural customs， each people refers to the same concept in different ways， leading to varied imagination. 3Ds紅軟基地
e.g. （1）天生有福——born with a silver spoon in one's mouth 3Ds紅軟基地
      （2）一箭雙雕，一舉兩得——to kill two birds in one stone 3Ds紅軟基地
      （3）山中無老虎，猴子稱霸王——In the land of the blind， the one-eyed man is king. 3Ds紅軟基地
     （4）膽小如鼠——as timid as a rabbit 3Ds紅軟基地
      （5）如魚得水——like a duck to water 3Ds紅軟基地
      （6）水中撈月——to fish in the air 3Ds紅軟基地
                  (7）蠢得像豬——as stupid as a goose 3Ds紅軟基地
                （8）揮金如土——to spend money like water 3Ds紅軟基地
                （9)掌上明珠——the apple of somebody's eye 3Ds紅軟基地
                （10）健壯如牛——as strong as a horse3Ds紅軟基地
四.Differences in religious beliefs3Ds紅軟基地
Religious beliefs produce an impact on people's life and mind， and on the English and Chinese languages as well.3Ds紅軟基地
1) Buddhism， one of the three great religions in the world， has been practiced in China for nearly 2，000 years. It is a Chinese conviction that Buddha has control of everything in the world. It is believed that life is a bed of bitterness and everything is empty. It is not necessary to feel nostalgic for the good old days. One cannot be free of worries and anxieties unless he is a truthful Buddhist and be void of all desires. So there are many idioms in this regard. 3Ds紅軟基地
e.g.  借花獻(xiàn)佛   不看僧面，看佛面   放下屠刀，立地成佛        閑時(shí)不燒香，臨時(shí)抱佛腳    做一天和尚撞一天鐘3Ds紅軟基地
2):While in the Western countries， especially in England and America， the majority of people are Christians， believing that God is the creator of everything and the master of the world. Jesus， the only son of God， befalls the world to save the sinful men， who， can only go to Heaven by following the teachings of Jesus， sincerely praying and repenting their sins. Otherwise， they will go to Hell. Idioms concerned with God are countless in the English language. 3Ds紅軟基地
e.g.(1) God helps those who helps themselves.——自助者天助也。 3Ds紅軟基地
     (2) God sends fortune to fools. ——傻人有傻福。 3Ds紅軟基地
     (3) God is on the side of the big battalions. ——天助強(qiáng)者。 3Ds紅軟基地
     (4) Man proposes， God disposes. ——謀事在人，成事在天。3Ds紅軟基地
五.Differences in historical events3Ds紅軟基地
There is no lack of idioms alluding to historical events. Such idioms are simply-structured but highly significant. And they cannot be just understood and translated from the literal meaning. 3Ds紅軟基地
e.g.東施效顰 守株待兔 掩耳盜鈴 亡羊補(bǔ)牢    三個(gè)臭皮匠，頂個(gè)諸葛亮3Ds紅軟基地
班門弄斧    龜兔賽跑   名落孫山  葉公好龍  解鈴還須系鈴人 3Ds紅軟基地
Most of English idioms of historical allusions come from the Bible and Greek and Roman mythologies. 3Ds紅軟基地
e.g (1) a Pandora‘s box——潘多拉之盒，災(zāi)難和禍害的根源 3Ds紅軟基地
(2) the lost sheep——迷路的羔羊，比喻失足少年 3Ds紅軟基地
(3) Judas' kiss——猶大的吻，比喻叛徒口蜜腹劍的可恥伎倆 3Ds紅軟基地
IV. Conclusions To sum up， every people possesses her own unique culture， which makes their way of expression unique. So idioms of one people differ from those of another， due to cultural differences. Having discussed the cultural differences reflected in English and Chinese translation， a principle is presented， under which some methods follow to handle cultural differences in  translation. And a good job in  translation is supposed to have a thorough understanding of cultural differences and to comprehensively utilize the methods with flexibility.3Ds紅軟基地

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